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Objective To explore the risk factors of osteoporosis in elderly patients with ischemic stroke by intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS). Methods 342 elderly patients(≥ 65 year)with ischemic stroke by ICAS were divided into osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group,multivariate unconditional Logistic re-gression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for elderly patients with ischemic stroke by ICAS. Results Univariate analysis shows that female,unilateral anterior circulation infarct,involvement of vessels of more than two branches,complete paralysis,delayed paralysis,BI index were significantly associated with osteoporosis in el-derly patients with ischemic stroke by ICAS between the two groups(all P < 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender,disease duration,involvement of cerebral circulation,paralysis degree,muscle ten-sion state were independent risk factors for the development of osteoporosis in elderly patients with ischemic stroke by ICAS(OR = 3.459,2.486,4.540,3.819,3.699,P < 0.05). Conclusions Gender,disease duration,in-volvement of cerebral circulation,paralysis degree,muscle tension state are independent risk factors of osteoporo-sis in elderly patients with ischemic stroke by ICAS,provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of osteoporosis in elderly patients with ischemic stroke by ICAS.
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Translational medicine emerging as a new concept in medical field, concentrates on the integration of theory and practice , and the conjunction of basic medical science and clinical medicine. Barriers between the basic medicine and clinical medicine existing in medical education in China make students possess limited intelligence, narrow perspectives and low creativity etc., causing the medical teaching unable to conform to the demand of translational medicine. The article introduces the basic conception of translational medicine and the necessity of medical teaching reform, the meth-ods of promoting teaching reform by integrating the curriculum systems, bettering experimental teach-ing systems, strengthening humanities education, improving faculty construction and optimizing eval-uation system for students.
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Gene therapy refers to the introduction of normal genes into human target cells for correcting gene defects or exerting therapeutic action,and thus achieves the goal of treatment of disease.Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are stem cells that possess self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential and easy to amplify in vitro,and they also express many therapeutic exogenous genes in vitro or in vivo.So BMSCs have been regarded as an ideal target cell of cell and gene therapy.This article reviews the biological characteristic of BMSCs,some commonly used gene therapy vectors and their applications in gene therapy of central nervous system diseases.
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Objective To explore the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) on the expressing of calbindin D28K(CB) in substantia nigra(SN) of rat model of Parkinson's disease(PD) and the possible role of neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) in this course.Methods 36 rat models of PD were made,and divided into GDNF group,NCAM blocked group and control group(each group had 12 rats).Immunohistochemistry and Western blot method were used to detect the number of CB-positive cells and the expressed level of CB protein in SN of rats.Results The number of CB-positive cells(46.50?6.28) and the expressed level of CB protein(33770.60?6929.76) in SN of GDNF group were significantly higher than control group [(27.00?8.60),(18281.00?5266.78) respectively](all P0.05).Conclusions GDNF may protect the injured dopaminergic neurons through up regulating the expressing of CB,but NCAM is not involved in this mechanism.
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Objective To investigate the changes of dopaminergic(DA) neurons in substantia nigra compact of the aged rats.Methods Using RT-PCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry and electron microscope to detect the levels of TH mRNA and TH protein,the number and the ultrastructure of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra compact of the aged rats(≥24 months),and comparing those with adult rats(4～5 months).Results The level of TH mRNA(0.66?0.12) in substantia nigra compact of the aged rats was much lower than that in the adult rats(1.09?0.08)(P0.05).However,the number of TH-positive neurons in the caudal of substantia nigra compact of the aged rats was much lower than that of the adult rats(P